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容易混淆的常用动词和词组的用法辨析
1、say, speak, talk, tell的用法辨析
(1) say表示讲话,及物动词,后跟宾语或宾语从句, 强调说话的内容。如:
(2) speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。如:(3) talk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词,与to, about, with等连用,才可以接宾语。如:
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(4) tell 表示“告诉,讲述”是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语。如:
1.He said he would go there.
2.It’s time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
3.Do you speak English?
4.May I speak to Mr Pope, please?
5.What are you talking about?
6.Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
7.She told us an interesting story yesterday.
8.My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.
2、look, see, watch和read的用法辨析
(1) look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用,然后接宾语。
(2) see 指“看见”某物,强调的是结果。
(3) watch 指的是“观看”,“注视”之意。
(4)read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。
1.Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
2.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
3.They can’t see the words on the blackboard.
4.Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?
5.The twins are watching TV now.
6.He will go to watch a volleyball match.
7.Don’t read in the sun.
8.I like to read newspapers when I am free.
3、borrow, lend和keep的用法辨析
(1) borrow意思为“借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
(2) lend 是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,同borrow一样,是非延续性动词,只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
(3) keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续。
1.Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
2.May I borrow your dictionary?
3.Uncle Wang has lent his car to Mr Li.
4.Could you lend us your radio, please?
5.How long can the recorder be kept?
6.The farmer kept the pan for two weeks.
4、bring, take, carry, get和fetch的用法辨析
(1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
(2) take意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
(3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。
(4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。
(5) fetch 指往返,去了又回来,到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来。
1.Bring me the book, please.
2.May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?
3.It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
4.Mother took the little girl to the next room.
5.Do you always carry a handbag?
6.The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
7.Please go to my office to get some chalk.
8.There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?
9.She has gone to fetch water.
10.Can you fetch the book for me at once?
5、wear, put on和dress的用法辨析
(1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思,可用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调“穿着”的状态。如:
(2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。如:
(3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词,有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服,不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。
作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dress sb.(给某人穿衣服),而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wear sth.(穿着衣物)。
1.Tom always wears black shoes.
2.He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.
3.She doesn’t like to wear a red flower in her hair.
4.It’s cold. You’d better put on your coat.
5.He put on his hat and went out of the room.
6.She always dresses well.
7.Get up and dress quickly.
8.Mary is dressing her child.
6、take, spend, pay和cost的用法辨析
(1) take指做某事用多少时间。
句型是:It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
(2) spend指某人在某事(物)上花费时间或钱。
句型是:Sb spends + money/time + on something / (in) doing sth.
(3) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型:sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气。
(4) pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型:sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物。
1.It took me three days to finish the work.
2.It will take you a week to travel through the forest.
3.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.
4.He didn’t spend much time on his lessons.
5.He spent much time (in) correcting students’ exercises.
6.Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.
7.How much does a house like this cost?
8.The book cost me 20 yuan.
9.I paid him twenty dollars for the book.
7、reach, get 和arrive的用法辨析
(1) reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
(2) get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get to常用于口语中。
(3) arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。后面接表示地点的副词时,不用at/in。
1.After the train had left, they reached the station.
2.We reached the top of the mountain at last.
3.When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
4.My sister was cooking when mother got home.
5.The soldiers arrived at a small village
6.The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.
8、accept和receive的用法辨析
(1) receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,接不接受是另一回事,receive多是接受实际的东西,如信件,礼物等。
(2) accept 则指主动地“接受”,accept多是接受抽象的东西,如想法,表扬,批评,道歉等。
(3) 表示“接见”、“接待”时,要用 receive 而不用 accept。
1.On my twentieth birthday I received several gifts. 我二十岁生日那天我收到好几份礼物。
2.She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。
3.She received his present, but she didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。
4.She was warmly received. 她受到热情接待。
9、join, join in, take part in和attend的用法辨析
(1) join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动。
(2) join in指参加某项游戏或活动。
(3) take part in多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。
(4) )attend是正式用语,指参加会议、婚礼、典礼;听报告、讲座等。
He joined the army in 2010. 他在2010年参军。
2.She joined a health club. 她参加了一个健身俱乐部。
3.Can I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗?
4.They all join in singing the song. 他们一起唱这首歌。
5.How many countries will take part in the World Cup? 有多少个国家要参加世界杯?
6.He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要会议。
10、die, dead, death和dying的用法辨析
(1) die是动词,意为“死,去世”,为短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间连用,表延续性用be dead。
(2) dead是形容词,意为“死的”,表示状态。
(3) death是名词,意为“死(亡)”。
(4) dying为die的现在分词,也可作形容词,表“垂死的,濒于死亡边缘的,枯萎的”之意。
1.She has been dead for 3 years. 她去世三年了。
2.She died three years ago. 她三年前去世。
3.The poor man is dead. 这个可怜的人死了。
4.Her death is remembered by us forever. 他的过世永远铭刻在我们的心中。
5.She is dying. 她快要死了。
11、lose, fail, beat, win和defeat的用法辨析
(1) lose意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.。
(2) fail意为“失败”或“未做成某事”。
(3) beat意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍。如:
(4) win意为“赢得”,如赢得荣誉、比赛、地位等。
(5) defeat意为“击败,战胜,使失败,挫折”。
1.Unluckily we lost the match to Class Three. 不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班。
2.Our plan has failed. 我们的计划失败了。
3.Class Three beat us 5-0. 三班以5∶0打败了我们。
4.I beat her at swimming yesterday. 昨天游泳我赢了她。
5.I am sure to win the match. 我一定能赢得比赛。
6.The enemy was defeated. 敌人被打败了。
12、look for, find和find out的用法辨析
(1) look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
(2) find意为“找到”“发现”,强调“找”的结果,其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。
(3) find out着重表示通过理解、分析、思考、询问等“弄清楚”“查明”一件事情,其后的宾语常常是某个情况、事实。
1.He began to look for a new job immediately after he was fired. 他被解雇后立即开始寻找一份新工作。
2.---- Did you find Li Ming yesterday? 你昨天找到李明了吗?
---- No, we looked for him everywhere, but didn’t find him. 没有。我们到处找了,但没有找到他。
3.He found a few coins in the car. 他在汽车里捡到几枚硬币。
4.Please find out when the train leaves.请查一下火车什么时候离站。
13、listen to和hear的用法辨析
(1) listen为不及物动词,与to构成固定搭配,强调听的动作。如:
(2) hear 强调听的结果。
1.Listen! There is a girl singing outside. 听,外面有个女孩在唱歌。
2.I heard your words. 我听到你说的话了
14、lose, forget和leave的用法辨析
(1) lose意为“丢失,失去”。东西失去了,找不回来了。
(2) forget意为“忘记”,大脑中不再存在此类信息。后可跟名词、代词、不定式和动名词。
(3)“leave sth.+地点”意为“把某物落在某处”。
1.I lost my watch. 我的表丢失了(我丢失了表)。
2.I forgot your name. 我忘记了你的名字。
3.I forget taking my DC with me. 我忘了已经把我的DC带上了。
4.I left my watch at home. 我把表忘在家里了。
15、think of, think about和think over的用法辨析
(1) think of意为“想到/起……”。
(2) think about意为“考虑”宾语it或them置后。
(3) think over意为“仔细考虑”,宾语it或them放在中间,一般指考虑问题。
1.I can’t think of his name. 我想不起他的名字。
2.What do you think about it? 你认为这件事怎么样?
3.We need several days to think this matter over. 我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下。
16、used to do sth., be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth. 的用法辨析
(1) used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事。
(2) be used to doing. 表示习惯做某事,to 后的动词用-ing形式。
(3) be used to do sth. 指被用来做什么。
1.I used to get up at six in the morning.
2.I’m used to getting up early.
3.Pens are used to write.
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